Understanding Harmony in Music

Key Concepts of Harmony

Harmony is the combination of simultaneous musical notes to produce a pleasing effect. Understanding harmony involves grasping four key concepts: Chords, Intervals, Consonance, and Dissonance.

1. Chords

A chord is a combination of three or more notes played together. The most basic chord is the triad, which consists of three notes: the root, third, and fifth. For example, in the C major chord, the notes are C, E, and G.

Think of chords as building blocks in a musical structure. Just as bricks build a house, chords build the harmonic foundation of a song.

2. Intervals

An interval is the distance between two notes. Intervals can be measured in half steps and whole steps. For example, the interval between C and D is a whole step, while the interval between C and C# is a half step.

Imagine intervals as the spaces between steps on a staircase. Each step represents a note, and the space between steps represents the interval.

3. Consonance

Consonance refers to the pleasant, stable sound produced by certain intervals and chords. Common consonant intervals include the perfect fifth and the major third. Consonant chords create a sense of stability and resolution.

Think of consonance as the smooth, flowing water in a river. Just as smooth water is calming, consonant sounds are pleasing and stable.

4. Dissonance

Dissonance refers to the harsh, unstable sound produced by certain intervals and chords. Common dissonant intervals include the tritone and the minor second. Dissonant chords create a sense of tension and movement.

Think of dissonance as the rough, choppy waves in the ocean. Just as rough waves are dynamic, dissonant sounds create tension and movement in music.

Examples of Harmony

To better understand these concepts, consider the following examples:

• Chords: Play the C major chord on a piano. Notice how the notes C, E, and G sound together to create a harmonious sound.
• Intervals: Play the interval between C and G on a piano. Notice how the distance between these notes creates a specific sound.
• Consonance: Play the interval between C and E on a piano. Notice how this interval creates a pleasant, stable sound.
• Dissonance: Play the interval between C and F# on a piano. Notice how this interval creates a harsh, unstable sound.