Understanding 1-7 Harmonic Analysis

Key Concepts

Harmonic analysis is the study of how chords and their progressions function within a piece of music. For Grade 6, understanding the 1-7 harmonic analysis involves recognizing the primary chords in a key and their relationships.

1. Tonic (I)

The tonic chord (I) is the primary chord in a key, providing a sense of stability and rest. It is built on the first degree of the scale. For example, in the key of C major, the tonic chord is C major (C-E-G).

2. Dominant (V)

The dominant chord (V) is built on the fifth degree of the scale and creates a sense of tension that resolves to the tonic. In C major, the dominant chord is G major (G-B-D).

3. Subdominant (IV)

The subdominant chord (IV) is built on the fourth degree of the scale and provides a sense of movement towards the dominant. In C major, the subdominant chord is F major (F-A-C).

4. Leading Tone (vii°)

The leading tone chord (vii°) is a diminished chord built on the seventh degree of the scale. It strongly resolves to the tonic. In C major, the leading tone chord is B diminished (B-D-F).

Explanation and Examples

When analyzing a piece of music, identify the primary chords (I, V, IV, vii°) and their functions. For instance, a common progression in C major might be I-IV-V-I, which starts and ends on the tonic chord, passing through the subdominant and dominant chords.

Consider the following example:

In the key of C major, the progression C major (I) - F major (IV) - G major (V) - C major (I) creates a sense of resolution and completeness. The F major chord (IV) moves towards the G major chord (V), which then resolves back to the C major chord (I).

Another example:

In the same key, the progression C major (I) - G major (V) - B diminished (vii°) - C major (I) highlights the strong resolution of the leading tone chord (vii°) to the tonic chord (I). The B diminished chord (vii°) creates tension that is immediately resolved by returning to the C major chord (I).

Practical Application

To improve your harmonic analysis skills, practice identifying the primary chords (I, V, IV, vii°) in different pieces of music. Use a piano or keyboard to play these chords and listen to their relationships. Over time, you will develop a deeper understanding of how chords function within a key, enhancing your overall musical comprehension.