3.4 Identity and Access Management (IAM) Explained

Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a framework of policies and technologies that ensure the right individuals have the appropriate access to technology resources. IAM is crucial for maintaining security and compliance in an organization. Below, we will explore the key concepts related to IAM: Authentication, Authorization, and Account Management.

Authentication

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system. It ensures that the person or entity claiming access is who they say they are. Common authentication methods include passwords, biometrics, multi-factor authentication (MFA), and smart cards.

Example: When you log into your online bank account, the bank uses your username and password to authenticate your identity. If you have enabled MFA, the bank might also send a one-time code to your mobile device to further verify your identity.

Authorization

Authorization is the process of granting or denying access to specific resources based on the authenticated user's privileges. It ensures that users have the appropriate level of access to perform their job functions without compromising security.

Example: After authenticating your identity, your bank's system checks your user profile to determine what actions you are authorized to perform. For instance, you might be allowed to view account balances and transfer funds, but not to modify account information for other users.

Account Management

Account Management involves creating, maintaining, and deactivating user accounts. It ensures that only authorized users have access to systems and that accounts are managed according to organizational policies and regulatory requirements.

Example: When a new employee joins a company, the IT department creates a user account with the appropriate access permissions. When the employee leaves the company, the account is deactivated to prevent unauthorized access. Regular reviews of user accounts ensure that access rights are up-to-date and aligned with job roles.

Understanding these IAM concepts is essential for implementing effective security measures in a networked environment. Authentication verifies identity, authorization controls access, and account management ensures that access rights are properly managed and maintained.