Introduction to Networking

Key Concepts

1. Network Topology

Network topology refers to the arrangement of different elements (links, nodes, etc.) in a computer network. Common topologies include:

• Bus Topology: All devices are connected to a central cable, known as the bus or backbone. Example: Early Ethernet networks.
• Star Topology: All devices are connected to a central hub. Example: Modern Ethernet networks.
• Ring Topology: Each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring. Example: Token Ring networks.

2. IP Addressing

An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to each device connected to a network. It allows devices to locate and communicate with each other. IP addresses can be:

• IPv4: Uses 32-bit addresses, e.g., 192.168.1.1.
• IPv6: Uses 128-bit addresses, e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.

3. Protocols

Networking protocols are a set of rules that govern how data is transmitted over a network. Key protocols include:

• TCP/IP: The foundational protocol suite for the internet, ensuring reliable data transmission.
• HTTP/HTTPS: Used for web browsing, allowing the transfer of web pages and other content.
• FTP: Facilitates the transfer of files between computers over a network.

4. Network Devices

Various devices are essential for networking:

• Router: Connects different networks and directs data packets between them. Example: MikroTik RouterOS.
• Switch: Connects devices within a network, forwarding data only to the intended recipient. Example: MikroTik Switch.
• Hub: Connects multiple devices in a network, but unlike a switch, broadcasts data to all devices.

Examples and Analogies

Network Topology: Bus Topology

Think of a bus topology as a single lane road where all cars (devices) travel in the same direction. If one car breaks down, it can block the entire road.

IP Addressing: IPv4 vs IPv6

IPv4 is like a limited phone number system, while IPv6 is like an unlimited phone number system, ensuring every device can have a unique number.

Protocols: TCP/IP

TCP/IP is like a postal service ensuring that letters (data packets) reach their destination correctly and in order.

Network Devices: Router

A router is like a traffic controller at a busy intersection, directing traffic (data packets) to the correct destination.

Conclusion

Understanding these foundational concepts is crucial for anyone aspiring to become a MikroTik Certified Network Associate. Mastering network topology, IP addressing, protocols, and network devices will provide a solid base for more advanced networking topics.