7.1.1 Septic Systems Explained

Key Concepts

• Septic Tank
• Drainfield
• Leach Field
• Soil Absorption System
• Pumping and Maintenance
• Common Issues and Solutions

Septic Tank

A septic tank is a watertight container buried underground that receives all wastewater from a household. It allows solids to settle and decompose, separating liquids that are then discharged into the drainfield.

Example: A typical residential septic tank is made of concrete, fiberglass, or plastic, and can hold several thousand gallons of wastewater.

Analogy: Think of a septic tank as a "settling pond" where solids (like mud) settle to the bottom, while clear water (liquids) flows out.

Drainfield

The drainfield, also known as the leach field or soil absorption system, is an area where the liquid effluent from the septic tank is distributed and filtered through the soil. This process helps to remove contaminants and impurities.

Example: A drainfield consists of a network of perforated pipes laid in gravel-filled trenches, allowing wastewater to seep into the surrounding soil.

Analogy: The drainfield is like a "natural filter" where water passes through layers of soil, similar to how water filters through a coffee maker's filter.

Leach Field

The leach field is a specific type of drainfield where wastewater is distributed through a series of trenches filled with gravel. The gravel helps to distribute the liquid evenly and provides a large surface area for filtration.

Example: In a leach field, the perforated pipes are laid in gravel-filled trenches, and the wastewater is slowly released into the soil.

Analogy: A leach field is like a "sponge" that absorbs and distributes water evenly, ensuring that the soil can filter out contaminants.

Soil Absorption System

A soil absorption system is the broader term that includes both the drainfield and leach field. It refers to the entire area where wastewater is absorbed and filtered by the soil.

Example: The soil absorption system includes the trenches, pipes, and surrounding soil that work together to treat and disperse wastewater.

Analogy: The soil absorption system is like a "natural purification plant" where the soil acts as a filter, cleaning the water before it reaches groundwater sources.

Pumping and Maintenance

Regular pumping and maintenance are essential for the proper functioning of a septic system. This includes periodically emptying the septic tank to remove accumulated solids and inspecting the system for any signs of failure.

Example: A septic tank should be pumped every 3 to 5 years, depending on the size of the tank and the number of occupants in the household.

Analogy: Pumping and maintenance are like "health check-ups" for your septic system. Just as you visit a doctor for regular check-ups, your septic system needs regular maintenance to stay healthy.

Common Issues and Solutions

Common issues with septic systems include clogs, backups, and system failure. Solutions often involve pumping the tank, repairing or replacing damaged components, and ensuring proper usage of the system.

Example: If a septic system is backing up, a plumber might pump the tank, inspect the drainfield for clogs, and advise the homeowner on how to reduce water usage.

Analogy: Common issues with septic systems are like "aches and pains" in your body. Just as you treat these issues with medicine and rest, you address septic system problems with maintenance and repairs.