Macronutrients Explained
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy. They are classified into simple and complex types. Simple carbohydrates, like those found in fruits and sweets, are quickly absorbed by the body, providing a rapid energy boost. Complex carbohydrates, such as those in whole grains and vegetables, release energy more slowly, offering sustained energy and essential nutrients.
Example: A slice of white bread contains simple carbohydrates, while a bowl of oatmeal contains complex carbohydrates. The oatmeal will provide longer-lasting energy compared to the white bread.
Proteins
Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues, making enzymes, and supporting immune function. They are composed of amino acids, some of which the body cannot produce on its own and must be obtained through diet. Animal sources like meat and dairy, and plant sources like beans and nuts, are rich in protein.
Example: A chicken breast is a high-quality protein source, providing all essential amino acids. A lentil soup, while also high in protein, lacks some essential amino acids but can be combined with rice to form a complete protein.
Fats
Fats are crucial for energy storage, insulation, and protecting organs. They are categorized into saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats. Saturated fats, found in animal products and some plant oils, can raise cholesterol levels. Unsaturated fats, found in nuts and fish, are beneficial for heart health. Trans fats, found in processed foods, are the least healthy and should be avoided.
Example: A steak contains saturated fats, while salmon is rich in unsaturated fats. A packaged snack might contain trans fats, which are harmful to health.