Cisco DevNet Certifications - DevNet Specialist
1 Introduction to Cisco DevNet
2 Cisco DevNet Certifications Overview
1 DevNet Associate
2 DevNet Professional
3 DevNet Specialist
3 DevNet Specialist Certification Path
1 Core Competencies
2 Specialization Tracks
4 DevNet Specialist - Enterprise Automation and Programmability
1 Introduction to Enterprise Automation
2 Network Programmability Concepts
3 Cisco DNA Center APIs
4 Cisco IOS XE Programmability
5 Cisco ACI Programmability
6 Cisco SD-WAN Programmability
7 Cisco UCS Programmability
8 Automation Tools and Frameworks
9 Python for Network Engineers
10 RESTful APIs and HTTP Methods
11 JSON and XML Data Formats
12 YANG Data Modeling
13 NETCONF and RESTCONF
14 Ansible for Network Automation
15 Puppet for Network Automation
16 Git and Version Control
17 CICD Pipelines for Network Automation
18 Troubleshooting Automation Issues
5 DevNet Specialist - Network Programmability and Automation
1 Introduction to Network Programmability
2 Network Automation Concepts
3 Cisco NX-API and NX-OS Programmability
4 Cisco IOS XR Programmability
5 Cisco Meraki Programmability
6 Cisco Catalyst 9000 Series Programmability
7 Cisco SD-Access Programmability
8 Network Automation Tools and Frameworks
9 Python for Network Engineers
10 RESTful APIs and HTTP Methods
11 JSON and XML Data Formats
12 YANG Data Modeling
13 NETCONF and RESTCONF
14 Ansible for Network Automation
15 Puppet for Network Automation
16 Git and Version Control
17 CICD Pipelines for Network Automation
18 Troubleshooting Automation Issues
6 DevNet Specialist - Software Development and Design
1 Introduction to Software Development
2 Software Design Principles
3 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
4 Python Programming Language
5 RESTful API Design
6 Microservices Architecture
7 Containerization with Docker
8 Orchestration with Kubernetes
9 CICD Pipelines for Software Development
10 Test-Driven Development (TDD)
11 Version Control with Git
12 Agile Development Methodologies
13 DevOps Practices
14 Troubleshooting Software Development Issues
7 DevNet Specialist - Cloud Automation and Programmability
1 Introduction to Cloud Automation
2 Cloud Programmability Concepts
3 Cisco CloudCenter Suite
4 Cisco Intersight Programmability
5 Cisco Hybrid Cloud Manager
6 Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC)
7 Cisco Container Platform
8 Cloud Automation Tools and Frameworks
9 Python for Cloud Engineers
10 RESTful APIs and HTTP Methods
11 JSON and XML Data Formats
12 YANG Data Modeling
13 NETCONF and RESTCONF
14 Ansible for Cloud Automation
15 Puppet for Cloud Automation
16 Git and Version Control
17 CICD Pipelines for Cloud Automation
18 Troubleshooting Cloud Automation Issues
8 DevNet Specialist - Collaboration Programmability
1 Introduction to Collaboration Programmability
2 Cisco Webex Programmability
3 Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM) Programmability
4 Cisco Contact Center Enterprise (CCE) Programmability
5 Collaboration Programmability Tools and Frameworks
6 Python for Collaboration Engineers
7 RESTful APIs and HTTP Methods
8 JSON and XML Data Formats
9 YANG Data Modeling
10 NETCONF and RESTCONF
11 Ansible for Collaboration Automation
12 Puppet for Collaboration Automation
13 Git and Version Control
14 CICD Pipelines for Collaboration Automation
15 Troubleshooting Collaboration Programmability Issues
9 DevNet Specialist - Security Programmability
1 Introduction to Security Programmability
2 Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Programmability
3 Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) Programmability
4 Cisco Stealthwatch Programmability
5 Cisco Secure Network Analytics (SNA) Programmability
6 Security Programmability Tools and Frameworks
7 Python for Security Engineers
8 RESTful APIs and HTTP Methods
9 JSON and XML Data Formats
10 YANG Data Modeling
11 NETCONF and RESTCONF
12 Ansible for Security Automation
13 Puppet for Security Automation
14 Git and Version Control
15 CICD Pipelines for Security Automation
16 Troubleshooting Security Programmability Issues
10 DevNet Specialist - Data Center Programmability
1 Introduction to Data Center Programmability
2 Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) Programmability
3 Cisco Nexus Programmability
4 Cisco UCS Programmability
5 Data Center Programmability Tools and Frameworks
6 Python for Data Center Engineers
7 RESTful APIs and HTTP Methods
8 JSON and XML Data Formats
9 YANG Data Modeling
10 NETCONF and RESTCONF
11 Ansible for Data Center Automation
12 Puppet for Data Center Automation
13 Git and Version Control
14 CICD Pipelines for Data Center Automation
15 Troubleshooting Data Center Programmability Issues
11 DevNet Specialist - IoT Programmability
1 Introduction to IoT Programmability
2 Cisco IoT Field Network Director (FND) Programmability
3 Cisco Kinetic for Cities Programmability
4 Cisco IoT Operations Dashboard Programmability
5 IoT Programmability Tools and Frameworks
6 Python for IoT Engineers
7 RESTful APIs and HTTP Methods
8 JSON and XML Data Formats
9 YANG Data Modeling
10 NETCONF and RESTCONF
11 Ansible for IoT Automation
12 Puppet for IoT Automation
13 Git and Version Control
14 CICD Pipelines for IoT Automation
15 Troubleshooting IoT Programmability Issues
12 DevNet Specialist - Service Provider Programmability
1 Introduction to Service Provider Programmability
2 Cisco Network Services Orchestrator (NSO) Programmability
3 Cisco IOS XR Programmability
4 Cisco ASR 9000 Series Programmability
5 Service Provider Programmability Tools and Frameworks
6 Python for Service Provider Engineers
7 RESTful APIs and HTTP Methods
8 JSON and XML Data Formats
9 YANG Data Modeling
10 NETCONF and RESTCONF
11 Ansible for Service Provider Automation
12 Puppet for Service Provider Automation
13 Git and Version Control
14 CICD Pipelines for Service Provider Automation
15 Troubleshooting Service Provider Programmability Issues
13 DevNet Specialist - Wireless Programmability
1 Introduction to Wireless Programmability
2 Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) Programmability
3 Cisco DNA Center Wireless Programmability
4 Cisco Mobility Services Engine (MSE) Programmability
5 Wireless Programmability Tools and Frameworks
6 Python for Wireless Engineers
7 RESTful APIs and HTTP Methods
8 JSON and XML Data Formats
9 YANG Data Modeling
10 NETCONF and RESTCONF
11 Ansible for Wireless Automation
12 Puppet for Wireless Automation
13 Git and Version Control
14 CICD Pipelines for Wireless Automation
15 Troubleshooting Wireless Programmability Issues
14 DevNet Specialist - DevOps and Automation
1 Introduction to DevOps and Automation
2 Continuous Integration (CI)
3 Continuous Deployment (CD)
4 Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
5 Configuration Management Tools
6 Monitoring and Logging
7 Containerization and Orchestration
8 CICD Pipelines
9 Version Control with Git
10 Agile Development Methodologies
11 DevOps Practices
12 Troubleshooting DevOps Issues
15 DevNet Specialist - Automation and Programmability Best Practices
1 Best Practices for Network Automation
2 Best Practices for Software Development
3 Best Practices for Cloud Automation
4 Best Practices for Security Programmability
5 Best Practices for Data Center Programmability
6 Best Practices for IoT Programmability
7 Best Practices for Service Provider Programmability
8 Best Practices for Wireless Programmability
9 Best Practices for Collaboration Programmability
10 Best Practices for DevOps and Automation
16 DevNet Specialist - Certification Exam Preparation
1 Exam Objectives and Domains
2 Study Resources and Materials
3 Practice Exams and Simulations
4 Exam Registration and Scheduling
5 Test-Taking Strategies
6 Post-Exam Actions and Certification Maintenance
18 Troubleshooting Cloud Automation Issues Explained

18 Troubleshooting Cloud Automation Issues Explained

1. Configuration Drift

Configuration drift occurs when the actual state of a system diverges from its desired state due to manual changes or external factors. This can lead to inconsistencies and errors in automated workflows.

Example: If a network device is manually reconfigured after an automated deployment, the device's state will no longer match the expected configuration, causing subsequent automation tasks to fail.

2. API Rate Limiting

API rate limiting is a restriction imposed by cloud providers to prevent abuse of their services. Exceeding these limits can result in failed API calls and disrupted automation workflows.

Example: If an automation script makes too many API requests in a short period, the cloud provider may temporarily block the requests, causing the script to fail.

3. Credential Management

Credential management involves securely storing and managing access credentials for cloud services. Poor credential management can lead to unauthorized access and security breaches.

Example: Storing API keys in plain text within a script can expose them to unauthorized users, leading to potential misuse of cloud resources.

4. Network Connectivity Issues

Network connectivity issues can disrupt communication between cloud services and automation tools, leading to failed deployments and operations.

Example: If a firewall blocks traffic between an on-premises automation server and a cloud service, API calls will fail, causing automation tasks to halt.

5. Resource Quotas

Resource quotas are limits set by cloud providers on the number of resources that can be created or used. Exceeding these quotas can prevent the creation of new resources and disrupt automation.

Example: If an automation script attempts to create more virtual machines than the allowed quota, the additional VMs will not be provisioned, causing the script to fail.

6. Version Control Conflicts

Version control conflicts occur when multiple users or processes attempt to modify the same configuration files simultaneously. This can lead to inconsistent states and failed deployments.

Example: If two developers simultaneously update the same Terraform configuration file, the changes may conflict, causing the deployment to fail.

7. Dependency Management

Dependency management involves ensuring that all required software packages and libraries are available and compatible. Missing or incompatible dependencies can cause automation scripts to fail.

Example: If an automation script requires a specific version of a Python library that is not installed, the script will fail to run.

8. Environment Mismatch

Environment mismatch occurs when configurations or scripts are applied to the wrong environment, such as development instead of production. This can lead to unintended consequences and failed operations.

Example: If an automation script intended for a production environment is accidentally run in a development environment, it may delete or modify critical resources.

9. Logging and Monitoring

Logging and monitoring are essential for tracking the execution of automation scripts and detecting issues. Lack of proper logging can make it difficult to diagnose and resolve problems.

Example: If an automation script fails without logging any errors, it will be challenging to determine the cause of the failure.

10. Error Handling

Error handling involves implementing mechanisms to detect and manage errors during the execution of automation scripts. Poor error handling can lead to unhandled exceptions and failed workflows.

Example: If an automation script does not handle API rate limiting errors, it may crash and fail to retry the request, causing the entire workflow to fail.

11. Resource Naming Conflicts

Resource naming conflicts occur when multiple resources have the same name, leading to confusion and failed operations. Proper naming conventions are essential to avoid conflicts.

Example: If two virtual machines in different regions have the same name, it can cause confusion during automation tasks and lead to failed operations.

12. Data Consistency

Data consistency ensures that data remains consistent across different systems and environments. Inconsistent data can lead to failed operations and incorrect results.

Example: If an automation script relies on data from a database that is not up-to-date, it may perform incorrect actions, leading to failed operations.

13. Security Policies

Security policies define the rules and restrictions for accessing and managing cloud resources. Violating these policies can lead to failed operations and security breaches.

Example: If an automation script attempts to create a resource that violates a security policy, the operation will fail, and the resource will not be created.

14. Timeouts and Delays

Timeouts and delays occur when operations take longer than expected, leading to failed operations. Proper timeout settings and retry mechanisms are essential to handle delays.

Example: If an automation script does not have a sufficient timeout setting for an API call, it may fail prematurely, causing the entire workflow to fail.

15. Resource Dependencies

Resource dependencies occur when one resource relies on another for its operation. If the dependent resource is not available, the operation will fail.

Example: If an automation script attempts to deploy a web application without first creating the required database, the deployment will fail.

16. Configuration Syntax Errors

Configuration syntax errors occur when there are mistakes in the configuration files, such as typos or incorrect formatting. These errors can prevent the automation scripts from running correctly.

Example: If a Terraform configuration file contains a syntax error, such as a missing bracket, the deployment will fail, and the resources will not be created.

17. Environment Variables

Environment variables are used to store configuration settings and secrets. Incorrect or missing environment variables can cause automation scripts to fail.

Example: If an automation script relies on an environment variable for an API key and the variable is not set, the script will fail to authenticate and perform the operation.

18. Resource Cleanup

Resource cleanup involves removing unused or obsolete resources to avoid unnecessary costs and conflicts. Failure to clean up resources can lead to resource exhaustion and failed operations.

Example: If an automation script creates temporary resources during a deployment but fails to clean them up afterward, it can lead to resource exhaustion and subsequent failures.