3.2 Minerals Explained

Key Concepts

• Macrominerals
• Microminerals (Trace Minerals)
• Functions of Minerals
• Sources of Minerals

Macrominerals

Macrominerals are inorganic elements that the body requires in larger amounts. They play critical roles in maintaining various bodily functions, including bone health, fluid balance, and muscle function. The primary macrominerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur.

Calcium is essential for bone and teeth formation, while phosphorus is crucial for energy production and DNA synthesis. Magnesium supports muscle and nerve function, and sodium and potassium help regulate fluid balance and blood pressure.

Imagine macrominerals as the foundation of a building. Just as the foundation supports the structure, macrominerals support the body's essential functions.

Microminerals (Trace Minerals)

Microminerals, also known as trace minerals, are inorganic elements that the body requires in smaller amounts. Despite their lower requirement, they are vital for various metabolic processes. The primary microminerals include iron, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and fluoride.

Iron is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood, while zinc supports immune function and DNA synthesis. Copper aids in energy production and collagen formation, and selenium is important for antioxidant defense.

Think of microminerals as the screws and nails in a building. Although fewer in number, they are essential for holding the structure together.

Functions of Minerals

Minerals perform a wide range of functions in the body:

• Bone and Teeth Formation: Calcium and phosphorus are essential for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth.
• Fluid Balance: Sodium, potassium, and chloride help regulate fluid balance and maintain blood pressure.
• Muscle Function: Magnesium and potassium are crucial for muscle contraction and relaxation.
• Enzyme Activity: Many minerals are cofactors for enzymes, aiding in various metabolic processes.
• Immune Support: Zinc and selenium are important for immune function and antioxidant defense.

Visualize minerals as the gears in a clock. Each gear performs a specific function, and together they ensure the clock runs smoothly.

Sources of Minerals

Minerals are found in a variety of foods:

• Calcium: Dairy products, leafy green vegetables, almonds, and fortified foods.
• Iron: Red meat, poultry, fish, beans, lentils, and fortified cereals.
• Magnesium: Nuts, seeds, whole grains, and leafy green vegetables.
• Zinc: Meat, seafood, dairy products, whole grains, and legumes.
• Potassium: Bananas, oranges, potatoes, spinach, and beans.

Think of mineral sources as the raw materials in a factory. Just as raw materials are processed to create products, foods are processed by the body to provide essential minerals.