3.1 Balance Explained

Key Concepts Related to Balance

Balance in art refers to the distribution of visual weight within a composition. It can be achieved through various methods such as symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance. Understanding balance is crucial for creating compositions that are visually pleasing and harmonious.

Symmetrical Balance

Symmetrical balance, also known as formal balance, occurs when elements are mirrored around a central axis. This creates a sense of order and stability. In a symmetrical composition, the left side of the artwork is a mirror image of the right side.

Example: A portrait where the subject's face is perfectly centered, with equal space on either side, creates a symmetrical balance.

Asymmetrical Balance

Asymmetrical balance, or informal balance, involves the use of different elements to create a sense of equilibrium without mirroring. This type of balance is more dynamic and can be achieved through the use of color, size, and placement of elements.

Example: A landscape painting where the foreground has a large, dark tree and the background has a lighter, smaller mountain range creates an asymmetrical balance.

Radial Balance

Radial balance occurs when elements radiate from a central point, creating a circular or spiral pattern. This type of balance is often found in nature and can create a sense of movement and unity.

Example: A mandala, where intricate designs radiate from a central point, uses radial balance to create a harmonious and cohesive composition.

Examples and Analogies

Consider the work of Leonardo da Vinci's "Vitruvian Man." The figure is perfectly centered within a circle and square, creating a symmetrical balance that represents ideal human proportions.

Another example is the art of Georgia O'Keeffe, particularly her flower paintings. The use of asymmetrical balance in her compositions allows the flowers to dominate the canvas, creating a sense of focus and intensity.

An analogy to understand balance is the way a seesaw works. In a symmetrical seesaw, two people of equal weight sit at equal distances from the center. In an asymmetrical seesaw, two people of different weights sit at different distances from the center to achieve equilibrium.