Science for Grade 7
1 Introduction to Science
1-1 Definition of Science
1-2 Importance of Science in Daily Life
1-3 Scientific Method
1-3 1 Observation
1-3 2 Hypothesis
1-3 3 Experimentation
1-3 4 Analysis
1-3 5 Conclusion
2 Matter and Its Properties
2-1 States of Matter
2-1 1 Solid
2-1 2 Liquid
2-1 3 Gas
2-2 Properties of Matter
2-2 1 Mass
2-2 2 Volume
2-2 3 Density
2-2 4 Solubility
2-3 Changes in Matter
2-3 1 Physical Changes
2-3 2 Chemical Changes
2-4 Mixtures and Solutions
2-4 1 Types of Mixtures
2-4 2 Separation Techniques
3 Force and Motion
3-1 Types of Forces
3-1 1 Gravitational Force
3-1 2 Frictional Force
3-1 3 Magnetic Force
3-1 4 Electrostatic Force
3-2 Motion
3-2 1 Speed and Velocity
3-2 2 Acceleration
3-2 3 Newton's Laws of Motion
3-2 3-1 First Law (Inertia)
3-2 3-2 Second Law (Force and Acceleration)
3-2 3-3 Third Law (Action and Reaction)
4 Energy
4-1 Forms of Energy
4-1 1 Kinetic Energy
4-1 2 Potential Energy
4-1 3 Thermal Energy
4-1 4 Electrical Energy
4-1 5 Light Energy
4-1 6 Sound Energy
4-2 Energy Conversion
4-2 1 Mechanical to Electrical
4-2 2 Chemical to Thermal
4-2 3 Light to Electrical
4-3 Conservation of Energy
5 Heat and Temperature
5-1 Temperature
5-1 1 Measurement of Temperature
5-1 2 Temperature Scales
5-2 Heat Transfer
5-2 1 Conduction
5-2 2 Convection
5-2 3 Radiation
5-3 Effects of Heat
5-3 1 Expansion
5-3 2 Change of State
6 Light and Sound
6-1 Light
6-1 1 Sources of Light
6-1 2 Reflection
6-1 3 Refraction
6-1 4 Lenses and Mirrors
6-2 Sound
6-2 1 Production of Sound
6-2 2 Properties of Sound
6-2 3 Reflection of Sound
6-2 4 Applications of Sound
7 Earth and Space
7-1 Earth's Structure
7-1 1 Crust
7-1 2 Mantle
7-1 3 Core
7-2 Earth's Atmosphere
7-2 1 Layers of the Atmosphere
7-2 2 Weather and Climate
7-3 Solar System
7-3 1 Planets
7-3 2 Sun
7-3 3 Moon
7-4 Space Exploration
7-4 1 Rockets
7-4 2 Satellites
7-4 3 Space Stations
8 Living Organisms and Ecosystems
8-1 Classification of Living Organisms
8-1 1 Kingdoms
8-1 2 Species
8-2 Ecosystems
8-2 1 Components of an Ecosystem
8-2 2 Food Chains and Webs
8-3 Adaptations
8-3 1 Physical Adaptations
8-3 2 Behavioral Adaptations
8-4 Human Impact on Ecosystems
8-4 1 Pollution
8-4 2 Conservation Efforts
9 Health and Nutrition
9-1 Human Body Systems
9-1 1 Circulatory System
9-1 2 Respiratory System
9-1 3 Digestive System
9-1 4 Nervous System
9-2 Nutrition
9-2 1 Essential Nutrients
9-2 2 Balanced Diet
9-3 Diseases and Prevention
9-3 1 Infectious Diseases
9-3 2 Non-infectious Diseases
9-3 3 Hygiene and Prevention
10 Environmental Science
10-1 Natural Resources
10-1 1 Renewable Resources
10-1 2 Non-renewable Resources
10-2 Pollution
10-2 1 Air Pollution
10-2 2 Water Pollution
10-2 3 Soil Pollution
10-3 Sustainable Development
10-3 1 Importance of Sustainability
10-3 2 Sustainable Practices
10-4 Climate Change
10-4 1 Causes of Climate Change
10-4 2 Effects of Climate Change
10-4 3 Mitigation Strategies
10.3 Sustainable Development Explained

Understanding Sustainable Development

Key Concepts

1. Definition of Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development is the practice of meeting human needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves balancing economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection.

2. The Brundtland Report

The Brundtland Report, also known as "Our Common Future," defines Sustainable Development as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

3. The Three Pillars of Sustainable Development

The Three Pillars of Sustainable Development are Economic Growth, Social Inclusion, and Environmental Protection. These pillars are interconnected and must be balanced to achieve sustainable development.

4. Economic Growth

Economic Growth refers to the increase in the production of goods and services in an economy. Sustainable Economic Growth focuses on growth that is inclusive, equitable, and does not deplete natural resources.

5. Social Inclusion

Social Inclusion ensures that all members of society have access to essential services, opportunities, and resources. It promotes equality, reduces poverty, and enhances the quality of life for all.

6. Environmental Protection

Environmental Protection involves conserving natural resources, reducing pollution, and mitigating climate change. It ensures that the environment remains healthy and supports human well-being.

7. Sustainable Practices

Sustainable Practices include renewable energy use, sustainable agriculture, waste reduction, and conservation efforts. These practices help maintain ecological balance and support long-term development.

8. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015. They aim to address global challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation by 2030.

9. Challenges in Sustainable Development

Challenges in Sustainable Development include population growth, resource depletion, climate change, and inequality. Addressing these challenges requires coordinated efforts and innovative solutions.

10. Benefits of Sustainable Development

Benefits of Sustainable Development include improved quality of life, economic stability, environmental health, and the preservation of natural resources for future generations.

Explanation of Each Concept

1. Definition of Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development aims to meet current human needs while ensuring that future generations can meet their own needs. It involves balancing economic, social, and environmental considerations to create a sustainable future.

2. The Brundtland Report

The Brundtland Report, published by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987, is a seminal document that introduced the concept of Sustainable Development. It emphasizes the need for development that is environmentally sustainable and socially equitable.

3. The Three Pillars of Sustainable Development

The Three Pillars of Sustainable Development—Economic Growth, Social Inclusion, and Environmental Protection—are interconnected. Economic Growth provides the resources needed for social and environmental initiatives, Social Inclusion ensures that benefits are shared equitably, and Environmental Protection safeguards natural resources for future use.

4. Economic Growth

Sustainable Economic Growth focuses on growth that is inclusive, equitable, and does not deplete natural resources. It involves creating jobs, improving infrastructure, and promoting innovation while ensuring that growth does not harm the environment.

5. Social Inclusion

Social Inclusion ensures that all members of society have access to essential services, opportunities, and resources. It promotes equality, reduces poverty, and enhances the quality of life for all. Social inclusion is crucial for creating a just and equitable society.

6. Environmental Protection

Environmental Protection involves conserving natural resources, reducing pollution, and mitigating climate change. It ensures that the environment remains healthy and supports human well-being. Protecting the environment is essential for long-term sustainability.

7. Sustainable Practices

Sustainable Practices include renewable energy use, sustainable agriculture, waste reduction, and conservation efforts. These practices help maintain ecological balance and support long-term development. Sustainable practices are key to achieving Sustainable Development.

8. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015. They aim to address global challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation by 2030. The SDGs provide a framework for achieving Sustainable Development.

9. Challenges in Sustainable Development

Challenges in Sustainable Development include population growth, resource depletion, climate change, and inequality. Addressing these challenges requires coordinated efforts and innovative solutions. Overcoming these challenges is essential for achieving Sustainable Development.

10. Benefits of Sustainable Development

Benefits of Sustainable Development include improved quality of life, economic stability, environmental health, and the preservation of natural resources for future generations. Sustainable Development creates a better world for everyone.

Examples and Analogies

Example 1: Sustainable Agriculture

Think of sustainable agriculture as a garden that is carefully tended to ensure it produces food year after year without depleting the soil. Just as a garden requires care and maintenance, sustainable agriculture involves practices that protect the environment and ensure long-term productivity.

Example 2: Renewable Energy

Renewable energy can be compared to a never-ending stream of water. As long as the stream is not polluted or overused, it will continue to provide water indefinitely. Similarly, renewable energy sources like solar and wind are constantly replenished, ensuring a continuous supply of energy.

Analogy: Sustainable Development as a Balanced Diet

Think of Sustainable Development as a balanced diet. Just as a balanced diet provides essential nutrients for a healthy body, Sustainable Development balances economic, social, and environmental considerations to create a healthy world. Each pillar—Economic Growth, Social Inclusion, and Environmental Protection—is like a different food group that must be included for overall well-being.