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Science for Grade 7
1 Introduction to Science
1-1 Definition of Science
1-2 Importance of Science in Daily Life
1-3 Scientific Method
1-3 1 Observation
1-3 2 Hypothesis
1-3 3 Experimentation
1-3 4 Analysis
1-3 5 Conclusion
2 Matter and Its Properties
2-1 States of Matter
2-1 1 Solid
2-1 2 Liquid
2-1 3 Gas
2-2 Properties of Matter
2-2 1 Mass
2-2 2 Volume
2-2 3 Density
2-2 4 Solubility
2-3 Changes in Matter
2-3 1 Physical Changes
2-3 2 Chemical Changes
2-4 Mixtures and Solutions
2-4 1 Types of Mixtures
2-4 2 Separation Techniques
3 Force and Motion
3-1 Types of Forces
3-1 1 Gravitational Force
3-1 2 Frictional Force
3-1 3 Magnetic Force
3-1 4 Electrostatic Force
3-2 Motion
3-2 1 Speed and Velocity
3-2 2 Acceleration
3-2 3 Newton's Laws of Motion
3-2 3-1 First Law (Inertia)
3-2 3-2 Second Law (Force and Acceleration)
3-2 3-3 Third Law (Action and Reaction)
4 Energy
4-1 Forms of Energy
4-1 1 Kinetic Energy
4-1 2 Potential Energy
4-1 3 Thermal Energy
4-1 4 Electrical Energy
4-1 5 Light Energy
4-1 6 Sound Energy
4-2 Energy Conversion
4-2 1 Mechanical to Electrical
4-2 2 Chemical to Thermal
4-2 3 Light to Electrical
4-3 Conservation of Energy
5 Heat and Temperature
5-1 Temperature
5-1 1 Measurement of Temperature
5-1 2 Temperature Scales
5-2 Heat Transfer
5-2 1 Conduction
5-2 2 Convection
5-2 3 Radiation
5-3 Effects of Heat
5-3 1 Expansion
5-3 2 Change of State
6 Light and Sound
6-1 Light
6-1 1 Sources of Light
6-1 2 Reflection
6-1 3 Refraction
6-1 4 Lenses and Mirrors
6-2 Sound
6-2 1 Production of Sound
6-2 2 Properties of Sound
6-2 3 Reflection of Sound
6-2 4 Applications of Sound
7 Earth and Space
7-1 Earth's Structure
7-1 1 Crust
7-1 2 Mantle
7-1 3 Core
7-2 Earth's Atmosphere
7-2 1 Layers of the Atmosphere
7-2 2 Weather and Climate
7-3 Solar System
7-3 1 Planets
7-3 2 Sun
7-3 3 Moon
7-4 Space Exploration
7-4 1 Rockets
7-4 2 Satellites
7-4 3 Space Stations
8 Living Organisms and Ecosystems
8-1 Classification of Living Organisms
8-1 1 Kingdoms
8-1 2 Species
8-2 Ecosystems
8-2 1 Components of an Ecosystem
8-2 2 Food Chains and Webs
8-3 Adaptations
8-3 1 Physical Adaptations
8-3 2 Behavioral Adaptations
8-4 Human Impact on Ecosystems
8-4 1 Pollution
8-4 2 Conservation Efforts
9 Health and Nutrition
9-1 Human Body Systems
9-1 1 Circulatory System
9-1 2 Respiratory System
9-1 3 Digestive System
9-1 4 Nervous System
9-2 Nutrition
9-2 1 Essential Nutrients
9-2 2 Balanced Diet
9-3 Diseases and Prevention
9-3 1 Infectious Diseases
9-3 2 Non-infectious Diseases
9-3 3 Hygiene and Prevention
10 Environmental Science
10-1 Natural Resources
10-1 1 Renewable Resources
10-1 2 Non-renewable Resources
10-2 Pollution
10-2 1 Air Pollution
10-2 2 Water Pollution
10-2 3 Soil Pollution
10-3 Sustainable Development
10-3 1 Importance of Sustainability
10-3 2 Sustainable Practices
10-4 Climate Change
10-4 1 Causes of Climate Change
10-4 2 Effects of Climate Change
10-4 3 Mitigation Strategies
9. Health and Nutrition Explained

Understanding Health and Nutrition

Key Concepts

1. Balanced Diet

A balanced diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups to ensure the body gets all the necessary nutrients for optimal health.

2. Essential Nutrients

Essential nutrients are substances that the body cannot produce on its own and must obtain from food. These include proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

3. Macronutrients

Macronutrients are nutrients required in large amounts by the body. They include proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, which provide energy and support various bodily functions.

4. Micronutrients

Micronutrients are nutrients required in smaller amounts by the body. They include vitamins and minerals, which are crucial for various metabolic processes and overall health.

5. Hydration

Hydration refers to the process of maintaining adequate water levels in the body. Water is essential for various bodily functions, including digestion, circulation, and temperature regulation.

6. Physical Activity

Physical activity involves any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Regular physical activity is vital for maintaining physical fitness and overall health.

7. Mental Health

Mental health refers to a person's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how individuals think, feel, and act, and is crucial for overall health.

8. Sleep

Sleep is a natural and essential process that allows the body to rest and repair. Adequate sleep is crucial for cognitive function, physical health, and emotional well-being.

9. Healthy Eating Habits

Healthy eating habits involve making informed food choices, such as consuming a variety of nutrient-dense foods, limiting processed foods, and being mindful of portion sizes.

Explanation of Each Concept

1. Balanced Diet

A balanced diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, proteins, and dairy. This ensures that the body gets all the necessary nutrients for optimal health and function.

2. Essential Nutrients

Essential nutrients include proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Proteins are necessary for building and repairing tissues, carbohydrates provide energy, fats support cell function, vitamins support various metabolic processes, and minerals are crucial for bone health and other bodily functions.

3. Macronutrients

Macronutrients include proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues, carbohydrates provide energy, and fats support cell function and hormone production. These nutrients are required in larger amounts by the body.

4. Micronutrients

Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals. Vitamins support various metabolic processes, such as immune function and energy production. Minerals are crucial for bone health, muscle function, and other bodily processes. These nutrients are required in smaller amounts by the body.

5. Hydration

Hydration involves maintaining adequate water levels in the body. Water is essential for digestion, circulation, temperature regulation, and waste elimination. Drinking enough water throughout the day is crucial for overall health.

6. Physical Activity

Physical activity involves any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Regular physical activity, such as walking, running, or playing sports, is vital for maintaining physical fitness, cardiovascular health, and overall well-being.

7. Mental Health

Mental health refers to a person's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how individuals think, feel, and act. Maintaining good mental health involves managing stress, building strong relationships, and seeking help when needed.

8. Sleep

Sleep is a natural and essential process that allows the body to rest and repair. Adequate sleep is crucial for cognitive function, physical health, and emotional well-being. Most adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night to function optimally.

9. Healthy Eating Habits

Healthy eating habits involve making informed food choices, such as consuming a variety of nutrient-dense foods, limiting processed foods, and being mindful of portion sizes. These habits promote overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Examples and Analogies

Example 1: Balanced Diet

A balanced diet is like a well-stocked toolbox. Just as a toolbox needs various tools to complete different tasks, the body needs a variety of nutrients from different food groups to function optimally.

Example 2: Essential Nutrients

Essential nutrients are like the ingredients in a recipe. Each ingredient (nutrient) has a specific role, and without all the necessary ingredients, the recipe (body) won't turn out as intended.

Analogy: Macronutrients as Building Blocks

Think of macronutrients as the building blocks of a house. Proteins are the beams and walls, providing structure. Carbohydrates are the energy source, like the electricity that powers the house. Fats are the insulation, keeping the house warm and functioning properly.

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